The Evolution of PLL: A Brief History of All PLL 3x3 Methods

The Rubik's Cube, a seemingly simple puzzle toy, has been the subject of intense study and competition for decades. Among speedcubers, the term 'CFOP' has become synonymous with efficient solving methods. However, the history of PLL (Permutation of the Last Layer) is more complex, with multiple groups contributing to its development over the years.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, several cubers worked independently on developing methods for solving the Rubik's Cube. One such method was OLL ( Orientation of the Last Layer), which paired a first layer corner with a second layer edge and then simultaneously inserted it. This technique appeared in publications by Singmaster, John Conway, David Benson, and David Seal.

Around the same time, other cubers were working on developing PLL methods. Hans Dockhorn, Kurt Dockhorn, and Anneke Treep from the Netherlands, along with Jessica Fridrich and Mirek Goljan from the Czech Republic, independently developed OLL and PLL methods. Their work was published in various sources, including Singmaster's 'Notes on Rubik's 'Magic Cube'.'

The Layer By Layer method, which involves breaking down the cube into smaller layers and solving each one separately, also gained popularity during this period. David Singmaster, John Gaskin, and others published additional variants of the Layer By Layer method, starting in 1979.

In reality, many developments were made by cubers who contributed to the method's current form. Jessica Fridrich is often credited as the sole inventor of CFOP, but research suggests that other cubers played a significant role in its development. The term 'Fridrich Method' was coined due to her website offering a vast wealth of information on the topic.

The resurgence of speedcubing's popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s led to a greater emphasis on formalizing and standardizing solving methods. As a result, the term CFOP became more widely accepted, and many cubers began referring to it as the 'Fridrich Method.'

In conclusion, the development of PLL methods for the Rubik's Cube involved the contributions of several individuals over the years. From Singmaster's initial publications to Fridrich's website, each step forward helped shape the method into what we know today. By understanding the history and evolution of PLL, cubers can better appreciate the complexity and beauty of this beloved puzzle toy.

All pll 3x3